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| Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the causes of fatty liver, occurring when fat is deposited (steatosis) in the liver due to causes other than excessive alcohol use. NAFLD is the most common liver disorder in developed countries.〔Shaker, Mina, et al. "Liver transplantation for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: New challenges and new opportunities." World journal of gastroenterology: WJG 20.18 (2014): 5320.〕 A recent study using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) found a 30% prevalence of NAFLD in the United States between 2011 and 2012.〔Ruhl, C. E., and J. E. Everhart. "Fatty liver indices in the multiethnic United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey." Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 41.1 (2015): 65-76.〕
NAFLD is related to insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome and may respond to treatments originally developed for other insulin-resistant states (e.g. diabetes mellitus type 2) such as weight loss, metformin, and thiazolidinediones. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the most extreme form of NAFLD, and is regarded as a major cause of cirrhosis of the liver of unknown cause.
==Signs and symptoms==
Most people with NAFLD have few or no symptoms. Patients may complain of fatigue, malaise, and dull right-upper-quadrant abdominal discomfort. Mild jaundice may be noticed although this is rare. More commonly NAFLD is diagnosed following abnormal liver function tests during routine blood tests. By definition, alcohol consumption of over 20 g/day (about 25 ml/day of net ethanol) excludes the condition.〔
NAFLD is associated with insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome (obesity, combined hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus (type II), and high blood pressure).〔〔
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